1. In what sense is AI a "moving frontier"?
According to a textbook definition, artificial intelligence is a moving frontier. Elaine Rich says, "artificial intelligence is the study how to make computers do things at which at the moment, people are better. It can be seen as "whatever has not be done yet."
2. What are disadvantages of the approach to AI that attempts to simulate human intelligence? What is the alternative?
Some disadvantages include people having trouble knowing and describing how they do things, vast differences between the structure and capabilites of the human brain and those of the computer, and the best way to do something with a machine is often very different from the way people would do it. The alternative involves designing intelligent machines independent of the way people think.
3. Describe several techniques used in game-playing software and explain how they can be applied to other AI applications.
One way to win a game is through searching, looking ahead at the possibilities generated by each potential move. Another technique is heuristics which is basically a rule of thumb. It guides us toward judgements that experience tells us are likely to be true. Third is pattern recognition where a recurring pattern is recognized. This is a huge advantage for the human players against the opponent. Lastly, there is machine learning which is if a move pays off, a learning program will use that technique in future games.
6. What is the relationship between syntax and semantics? Can you construct a sentence that follows rules of English syntax but has nonsense semantics?
Syntax is a set of rules for constructing sentences from words whereas semantics is the underlying meaning of words and phrases. I mean you can construct a sentence but what good would it do without proper semantics. A perfect english sentence would follow the rules of syntax and semantics.
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