7. What does it mean to sort a data file?
To sort data means to arrange records in an alphabetic or numeric order based on value in one or more fields.
8. How can a database be designed to reduce the likelihood of data entry errors?
Using relational databases and key fields can help reduce the likelihood of data entry errors. The data scrubbing can be done through a database and remove dirty data.
10. Do we have a legal right to privacy? On what ground?
I believe we do have a legal right to privacy on the ground to being American where we are protected by our constitution. Though the times may lead to the stripping of our privacy, we still have a legal right to it.
11. Why are computers important in discussions of invasion of privacy?
Computers are so important in this discussion because with use of computers many privacy problems arise such as identity theft, data mining, and our personal data can be sold to companies. It is sad to see that our privacy is being sold for a price.
Wednesday, March 30, 2011
Wednesday, March 23, 2011
3/23/11 Review Questions
6. An email address has a username, a hostname, a domain, and in some cases a sub domain whereas URLS have protocols for web pages, a domain name, a path, and a resource file. URLs and emails both use top level domains.
7. File transfer protocol allows users to transfer files. File compression saves storage space on disk and saves transmission time when files are transferred through networks.
11. Push technology is when information is delivered automatically to the client computer. Usually web pages are delivered in packets and reassembled when they reach their destination.
12. As the internet becomes more commercialized there is a whole new surge of information, bad news is that there are some consequences to this discovery such as combatting inappropriate content, credit card/identity theft, email forgery and the list goes on that is why proper protection is needed.
7. File transfer protocol allows users to transfer files. File compression saves storage space on disk and saves transmission time when files are transferred through networks.
11. Push technology is when information is delivered automatically to the client computer. Usually web pages are delivered in packets and reassembled when they reach their destination.
12. As the internet becomes more commercialized there is a whole new surge of information, bad news is that there are some consequences to this discovery such as combatting inappropriate content, credit card/identity theft, email forgery and the list goes on that is why proper protection is needed.
Chapter 9
Batch Processing: computers doing one process at a time
1957: remote connection so developers could work directly on the computers.
Arpanet lead to RAND, NPL, and CYCLADES which are the foundation for Internet
Protocol: Rules
Chapter 9: The Evolving Internet
ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) is predecessor to the Internet.
The Internet is an interconnected network of thousands of networks which links academic, research, governemnt, and commerical institutions
TCP/IP allows cross network comunication and breaks messages into packets, which is both flexible and robust
IP is the address for the packets.
The host is named using the Domain Name System which translates a string of IP address.
An email address includes: username@hostname.sub.dom.
Direct Connection: computer has its own IP address and is attached to a LAN
Dial Up Connection: limited connection in contrast to modem
Broadband Connections: DSL and Cable Modem Connection
Satellite Connection: using sattelite dishes
Email Server: post office for a particular host
File Server: like LANs
FTP allows users to transfer files.
Application server stores applications-PC office applications, databases, or other applications
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol
1957: remote connection so developers could work directly on the computers.
Arpanet lead to RAND, NPL, and CYCLADES which are the foundation for Internet
Protocol: Rules
Chapter 9: The Evolving Internet
ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) is predecessor to the Internet.
The Internet is an interconnected network of thousands of networks which links academic, research, governemnt, and commerical institutions
TCP/IP allows cross network comunication and breaks messages into packets, which is both flexible and robust
IP is the address for the packets.
The host is named using the Domain Name System which translates a string of IP address.
An email address includes: username@hostname.sub.dom.
Direct Connection: computer has its own IP address and is attached to a LAN
Dial Up Connection: limited connection in contrast to modem
Broadband Connections: DSL and Cable Modem Connection
Satellite Connection: using sattelite dishes
Email Server: post office for a particular host
File Server: like LANs
FTP allows users to transfer files.
Application server stores applications-PC office applications, databases, or other applications
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Top Level Domains
A defintion of a top level domain from Wikipedia is "A top-level domain (TLD) is one of the domains at the highest level in the hierarchical Domain Name System of the Internet. The top-level domain names are installed in the root zone of the name space." For this assignment I will describe 10 top level domains.
1. .com: This involves commercial entities. Initially created for profit websites it eventually turned into a top level domain that is most used because anyone can register.
2. .gov: This involves government entities. Only US government people are allowed to use it.
3. .edu: This involves education entities
4. .net: network
5. .org: organization
6. .mil: military
7. .job: companies
8. .pro: professional
9. .biz: businesses
10. .info: an open top level domain that anyone can register to but is mostly used for webstites that convey information
1. .com: This involves commercial entities. Initially created for profit websites it eventually turned into a top level domain that is most used because anyone can register.
2. .gov: This involves government entities. Only US government people are allowed to use it.
3. .edu: This involves education entities
4. .net: network
5. .org: organization
6. .mil: military
7. .job: companies
8. .pro: professional
9. .biz: businesses
10. .info: an open top level domain that anyone can register to but is mostly used for webstites that convey information
Monday, March 21, 2011
Review Questions 3/21/11
1. Key Terms
-Internet: an interconnected network of thousands of networks
-TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
-Routers: Host system
-IP: address for packers
-DNS: (Domain Name System) the host uses this and it translates IP addresses into a string of names.
-username: person's mailbox
-hostnames: name of the host computer and is followed by one or more domains seperated by period like host.domain
-Direct (dedicated) connection: computer has its own IP address and is attached to a LAN
-Dialup Connection: limited connection using a modem
-satellite connection provides connection using direcTV satellite dishes.
-Internet Service Providers: provide connections through local telephone lines
2. It links academic, research, government, and commerical institutions. On top of that it connects computer to about every country in the world. It is growing too fast to measure its growth, it is decentralized, and does not have boundaries.
3. TCP IP or the transmission Control Protocol/Interner Protocol is the heart of the internet. It allows cross network communication. It also breaks messages into packets ( each packet has all the information needed to travel from network to network)
4. This is a very important question because lets say that the network is not secure then you can't order anything online or else your data would be vulnerable.
-Internet: an interconnected network of thousands of networks
-TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
-Routers: Host system
-IP: address for packers
-DNS: (Domain Name System) the host uses this and it translates IP addresses into a string of names.
-username: person's mailbox
-hostnames: name of the host computer and is followed by one or more domains seperated by period like host.domain
-Direct (dedicated) connection: computer has its own IP address and is attached to a LAN
-Dialup Connection: limited connection using a modem
-satellite connection provides connection using direcTV satellite dishes.
-Internet Service Providers: provide connections through local telephone lines
2. It links academic, research, government, and commerical institutions. On top of that it connects computer to about every country in the world. It is growing too fast to measure its growth, it is decentralized, and does not have boundaries.
3. TCP IP or the transmission Control Protocol/Interner Protocol is the heart of the internet. It allows cross network communication. It also breaks messages into packets ( each packet has all the information needed to travel from network to network)
4. This is a very important question because lets say that the network is not secure then you can't order anything online or else your data would be vulnerable.
Friday, March 18, 2011
Chapter 8
Global Positioning System
--> CPS is a specialized network developed by US Department of Defense
--> 24 satellites that revolve around the Earth
ATM: a specialized terminal linked to a bank's main computer through a commercial banking network
Network Interfere Card permits direct network connection adds an additional serial port to the computer and controls the flow of data between the computer's RAM and the network cable.
Modem: a hardware that connects a computer's serial port to a telephone line (for remote access)
-Computers send digital signals
-the modem converts the digital signals to analog so that the message can be transmitted through telephone lines.
Broadband Connection: a connection with much greater bandwidth than modems
Fiber Optic Cables: DSL and cable modems have nowhere near the bandwidth of it that replace copper wires.
Bluetooth: another type of wireless technology
Asynchronous communication is when mailing lists and newsgroups are delayed
Voice mail: messaging system with the ability to store, organize, and forward messages
--> CPS is a specialized network developed by US Department of Defense
--> 24 satellites that revolve around the Earth
ATM: a specialized terminal linked to a bank's main computer through a commercial banking network
Network Interfere Card permits direct network connection adds an additional serial port to the computer and controls the flow of data between the computer's RAM and the network cable.
Modem: a hardware that connects a computer's serial port to a telephone line (for remote access)
-Computers send digital signals
-the modem converts the digital signals to analog so that the message can be transmitted through telephone lines.
Broadband Connection: a connection with much greater bandwidth than modems
Fiber Optic Cables: DSL and cable modems have nowhere near the bandwidth of it that replace copper wires.
Bluetooth: another type of wireless technology
Asynchronous communication is when mailing lists and newsgroups are delayed
Voice mail: messaging system with the ability to store, organize, and forward messages
Wednesday, March 16, 2011
1/16/11 Discussion Questions: 280-287
6. They would come from a TCP/IP Novell and Windows. These type of communications systems help us interact with other softwares.
8. Instant Messaging is a technolog that enables users to create buddy lists, check for buddies who are logged in, and exchange typed messages and files with those who are whereas email allows internet users to send mail messages, data files, and software programs to other Internet users and to users of most commercial networks and online services.
10. Some negatives and consequences would include email issues, cookies access, security, privacy, perils of posting too much information, internet addiction. In regards to privacy, it can lead to a lot of cyber bullying and risk of communicating with someone you do not know.
13. Netiquette is Internet and Messaging Etiquette. The Internet is like a society, and with a society comes rules and without rules there is chaos. Some of their rules are behavior rules and guidelines. Some examples would be say what you mean, and say it with care, Keep it Short, Proofread your message, son't assume you're anonymous, and so on.
8. Instant Messaging is a technolog that enables users to create buddy lists, check for buddies who are logged in, and exchange typed messages and files with those who are whereas email allows internet users to send mail messages, data files, and software programs to other Internet users and to users of most commercial networks and online services.
10. Some negatives and consequences would include email issues, cookies access, security, privacy, perils of posting too much information, internet addiction. In regards to privacy, it can lead to a lot of cyber bullying and risk of communicating with someone you do not know.
13. Netiquette is Internet and Messaging Etiquette. The Internet is like a society, and with a society comes rules and without rules there is chaos. Some of their rules are behavior rules and guidelines. Some examples would be say what you mean, and say it with care, Keep it Short, Proofread your message, son't assume you're anonymous, and so on.
Chapter 8
Network and Digital Communication:
Clarke's Law: If an elderly but distinguished scientist says that something is possible he is almost certainly right
A computer network is a system of two or more computers linked together.
Local Area Network: Physically close together ususally in the same building.
Node are connected by cables which may be either twisted pair or coaxial cable.
A metropolitan area network (MAN) links two or more LANs with a city'Wide Area Network (WAN) extends over a long distance
Routers: hardware devices or software programs that route messages as they travel between networks
Clarke's Law: If an elderly but distinguished scientist says that something is possible he is almost certainly right
A computer network is a system of two or more computers linked together.
Local Area Network: Physically close together ususally in the same building.
Node are connected by cables which may be either twisted pair or coaxial cable.
A metropolitan area network (MAN) links two or more LANs with a city'Wide Area Network (WAN) extends over a long distance
Routers: hardware devices or software programs that route messages as they travel between networks
Discussion Questions:
Suppose you have an important message to send to a friend in another city, and you can use the telephone, email, real-time teleconference, fax, or overnight mail service. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each. See if you can think of a situation for each of the five options in which that particular option is the most appropriate choice.
If I had an important message to send to my friend and I had to use telephone: An advantage is that you can instantly connect to a person no matter how far they are and convey your message through a telephone. A couple big disadvantages is that if that person does not have a phone near them, they may not get the message in time. Also, because over the phone, there may be some miscommunication.
If I had an important message to send to my friend and I had to use email: An advantage would be that right there and then, the message is sent and in that person's inbox. A disadvantage is that using email can also bring miscommunication because it is all words. Also if you make a spelling error, you can accidently send something that is vulgar.
If I had an important message to send to my friend and I had to use real-time conference: An advantage would be that I could see and talk to my friend and see them, it would be like we are together but we are not. I think the only disadvantage would be that the internet connection might go bad.
If I had an important message to send to my friend and I had to use fax: An advantage would be that they would get my message exactly the way you write it up but not only does it take time to send the fax but sometimes if the connection is down then what happens is that the fax does not go through and the message just gets lost in space.
If I had an important message to send to my friend and I had to use overnight mail: I think that it is self evident that the biggest consequence would be that the message goes through overnight. It takes time and is not efficient.
If I had an important message to send to my friend and I had to use telephone: An advantage is that you can instantly connect to a person no matter how far they are and convey your message through a telephone. A couple big disadvantages is that if that person does not have a phone near them, they may not get the message in time. Also, because over the phone, there may be some miscommunication.
If I had an important message to send to my friend and I had to use email: An advantage would be that right there and then, the message is sent and in that person's inbox. A disadvantage is that using email can also bring miscommunication because it is all words. Also if you make a spelling error, you can accidently send something that is vulgar.
If I had an important message to send to my friend and I had to use real-time conference: An advantage would be that I could see and talk to my friend and see them, it would be like we are together but we are not. I think the only disadvantage would be that the internet connection might go bad.
If I had an important message to send to my friend and I had to use fax: An advantage would be that they would get my message exactly the way you write it up but not only does it take time to send the fax but sometimes if the connection is down then what happens is that the fax does not go through and the message just gets lost in space.
If I had an important message to send to my friend and I had to use overnight mail: I think that it is self evident that the biggest consequence would be that the message goes through overnight. It takes time and is not efficient.
Tuesday, March 15, 2011
Page 262-272 Reading Questions:
1. Key Terms:
-analog signals: a continuous wave
-bandwidth: the quantity of information that can be transmitted through a c ommunication medium in a given amount of time.
-bits per second: the standard unit of measure for modem speed.
-digital signal: a stream of bits
-direct connection: a dedicated direct connection to the Internet through a LAN with a computer having its own IP address
-ethernet: a popular networking architecture developed in 1976 at Xerox.
fiber-optic cable: high capacity cable that uses light waves to carry information at blinding speeds.
-Global Positioning system: a defense department system with 24 satellites that can pinpoint any location on the Earth.
-Local Area Network: netowrk in which the computers are physically close to each other usually in the same building.
-modem: a hardware device that connects a computer to a telephone line.
-network interface card: card that adds an additional serial port to a computer.
-port: socket that allow information to pass in and out.
-remote access: network access via phone line, TV cable
-router: programs or devices that decide how to route Internet transmissions.
-server: a computer especially designed to provide software and other resources to other computers over a network.
-telecommunication: long distance electronic in a variety of forms.
-wide area network: the network extends long distance.
wireless network: a network in which a node has a tiny radio or infrared transmitter connected to its network so it can send and recieve data through air rather than cables
2. Three general reasons for the importance of computer networking is: connects people from different ends of the world, information barrier is now open, communicate with people using long distance and truly understand culture.
3. Using LAN and wireless network, it makes these three general reasons more possible and efficient and convenient for people on the move. The only down fall is that the computer need to be close together.
4. Using WAN, the network extends over long distance. This helps with the communication with LAN and WAN.
-analog signals: a continuous wave
-bandwidth: the quantity of information that can be transmitted through a c ommunication medium in a given amount of time.
-bits per second: the standard unit of measure for modem speed.
-digital signal: a stream of bits
-direct connection: a dedicated direct connection to the Internet through a LAN with a computer having its own IP address
-ethernet: a popular networking architecture developed in 1976 at Xerox.
fiber-optic cable: high capacity cable that uses light waves to carry information at blinding speeds.
-Global Positioning system: a defense department system with 24 satellites that can pinpoint any location on the Earth.
-Local Area Network: netowrk in which the computers are physically close to each other usually in the same building.
-modem: a hardware device that connects a computer to a telephone line.
-network interface card: card that adds an additional serial port to a computer.
-port: socket that allow information to pass in and out.
-remote access: network access via phone line, TV cable
-router: programs or devices that decide how to route Internet transmissions.
-server: a computer especially designed to provide software and other resources to other computers over a network.
-telecommunication: long distance electronic in a variety of forms.
-wide area network: the network extends long distance.
wireless network: a network in which a node has a tiny radio or infrared transmitter connected to its network so it can send and recieve data through air rather than cables
2. Three general reasons for the importance of computer networking is: connects people from different ends of the world, information barrier is now open, communicate with people using long distance and truly understand culture.
3. Using LAN and wireless network, it makes these three general reasons more possible and efficient and convenient for people on the move. The only down fall is that the computer need to be close together.
4. Using WAN, the network extends over long distance. This helps with the communication with LAN and WAN.
Friday, March 11, 2011
Chapter 7
Large Databases often contain hundreds of interrelated tables.
Batch processing: users accumulate transactions and input them into the computer in large batches.
Teal Time computing: allows instant access to information
Interactive processing: replaced batch processing for most application
Client/server computing involves two-way communications between applications running on the "client" PC and the "server" OC.
Downsizing and Decentralizing: Using a client/ server approach, users can take advantage
Data Mining: the discovery and extraction of hidden predictive information from large databases.
HTML: language used to construct most Web pages
XML: designed with industrial strength database access in ming
Web database strategies revolve around directories.
Director are the heart of CRM systems
Object-oriented databse: make database construction and usage more flexible and stores software objects that contains procedures along with data
-->easy manipulations of various types of data
--> saves time by reusing objects
Relational: not good with unstructered data
Multimedia Databases: serve as indexes for art, photogrpahs, maps, cideo clips, and other media file
-More than 15,000 specialized marketing databases contain 2,000,000 names
Privacy: notion of access, physical proximity to the person and knowldge about that person
--> people need a certain amount of provacy to maintain their dignity and freedom
--> information of people can be a great value to society
--not explictly in the constituition
Networks make it possible for personal data to be transmitted almost anywhere instantly
Workplace monitoring technology enables managers to learn more than ever before about the work habits and patterns of workers.
Batch processing: users accumulate transactions and input them into the computer in large batches.
Teal Time computing: allows instant access to information
Interactive processing: replaced batch processing for most application
Client/server computing involves two-way communications between applications running on the "client" PC and the "server" OC.
Downsizing and Decentralizing: Using a client/ server approach, users can take advantage
Data Mining: the discovery and extraction of hidden predictive information from large databases.
HTML: language used to construct most Web pages
XML: designed with industrial strength database access in ming
Web database strategies revolve around directories.
Director are the heart of CRM systems
Object-oriented databse: make database construction and usage more flexible and stores software objects that contains procedures along with data
-->easy manipulations of various types of data
--> saves time by reusing objects
Relational: not good with unstructered data
Multimedia Databases: serve as indexes for art, photogrpahs, maps, cideo clips, and other media file
-More than 15,000 specialized marketing databases contain 2,000,000 names
Privacy: notion of access, physical proximity to the person and knowldge about that person
--> people need a certain amount of provacy to maintain their dignity and freedom
--> information of people can be a great value to society
--not explictly in the constituition
Networks make it possible for personal data to be transmitted almost anywhere instantly
Workplace monitoring technology enables managers to learn more than ever before about the work habits and patterns of workers.
Wednesday, March 9, 2011
Discussion Question #1: Database
A database is a collection of information stored in an organized form in a computer. One of the biggest web services that enables a database is Google. This is a search engine I used all week. A few other databases I used was Bing, Yahoo, and Wikipedia. Honestly, thinking about a world without databases actually gives me shivers down my spine. With databases, we have all the information in the world in our fingertips and without it I feel kind of empty. I mean, for almost everything, I use Google. When I am looking up research, looking for a recipe, looking for anything, Google is there for me. Without it, we would just be kind of limited in knowledge. In the internet, there is a huge, universal amount of information. With databases, all the information is stored in an organized form.
HW #1: Read p. 224-232 and do 4RQs
1. Define or describe each of the key terms listed in the "Key Terms" section. Check your answers in the glossary.
-browse: the process of finding information in a data base or other data source, such as the World Wide Web.
-computed fields
-database: a collection of information stored in an organized form in a computer.
-database program: a software tool for organizing the storage and retrieval of the information in the database.
-field: each discrete chunk of information in a database record
-export data: transmitting records and fields from a database program to another program
-import data: to move data into a program from another program or source.
-query: an information request
record: in a database, the information relating to one person, product, or event.
-query language: a special language for performing queries
report: a database printout that is an ordered list of selected records and fields in a an easy to read form
search: looking for a specific record
select record: looking for all records that match criteria
sort: arrange records in alphabetical or numeric order
SQL: a query language available for different data management systems.
table: a grid of rows and columns; on many Web pages tables with hidden grids are used to align graphical images.
2. What is the difference between a file manager and a data-base management system? How are they similar?
A file management is where hard copies of the files are managed in a storage or file cabinet. A database management is something that can accessed via a computer. They both retrieve information such as names, numbers, prices.
3. What is a query? Give example of the kinds of questions that might be answered with a query.
An information request is a query. A query can be a specific search like (GeorgeWashington) or it can request to select all information that match the criteria.
4. Describe the structure of a simple database using the terms file, record, and field in the description.
Databases are made up of table which are made up of records which are made up of fields.
-browse: the process of finding information in a data base or other data source, such as the World Wide Web.
-computed fields
-database: a collection of information stored in an organized form in a computer.
-database program: a software tool for organizing the storage and retrieval of the information in the database.
-field: each discrete chunk of information in a database record
-export data: transmitting records and fields from a database program to another program
-import data: to move data into a program from another program or source.
-query: an information request
record: in a database, the information relating to one person, product, or event.
-query language: a special language for performing queries
report: a database printout that is an ordered list of selected records and fields in a an easy to read form
search: looking for a specific record
select record: looking for all records that match criteria
sort: arrange records in alphabetical or numeric order
SQL: a query language available for different data management systems.
table: a grid of rows and columns; on many Web pages tables with hidden grids are used to align graphical images.
2. What is the difference between a file manager and a data-base management system? How are they similar?
A file management is where hard copies of the files are managed in a storage or file cabinet. A database management is something that can accessed via a computer. They both retrieve information such as names, numbers, prices.
3. What is a query? Give example of the kinds of questions that might be answered with a query.
An information request is a query. A query can be a specific search like (GeorgeWashington) or it can request to select all information that match the criteria.
4. Describe the structure of a simple database using the terms file, record, and field in the description.
Databases are made up of table which are made up of records which are made up of fields.
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