- Every time it reaches it's limit, we need to add another column! Confused? A good example would be from the "Introduction to Binary Numbers" Paper which says when we start counting from 0 and reach 9, and we wonder how we continue counting, all we need to do is add a column. With that second column, you reach 10!
- Write in Expanded Notation
How Computers Store Numbers:
- constructed of digital electronics
- circuits can exist in one of two states, on or off
- 1 is on and 0 is off
- Voltage Levels indicate present state
Example:
5 Volts--> ON
0 Volts-->OFF
- Not all computer's use voltage to see if the device is on or off
Example:
CD-ROM: Dark Spots indicates that it is off but shiny spots indicate that it is on
Hard Disks: Magnetism
 |
| Motherboard |
Computer Memory: uses electric charges to indicate on and off
Random Note:
When input is sent to the CPU, a signal is sent through a channel to the CPU. There it creates the output. There isn't just one track that signals are sent. If you've seen a motherboard you see all the different tracks. It kind of looks like a maze. Every track has a certain function.
How Binary Works:
- "The Binary system works in the exact same way as the decimal system except that it contains only two digits, 0 and 1." Now, in the case of binaries, we add a second column that is worth twice the value of the column before. It would go from 100, 101, 110, 111, 1000, 1001, 1010, 1011, 1100...and so on :)
- Columns are worth twice the one before. The columns are worth 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 128, 256...and so on :)
- Binary Number's are completely hidden from the user
Convert Between Decimal and Binary Numbers:
From Binary to Decimal:
To convert a number from Binary to Decimal, you need to write the number is expanded notation.
From Decimal to Binary:
To convert a number from Decimal to Binary, all you need to do is go on your calculator. Change it to scientific, and put the decimal number in. Click the BIN button and voila!
ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange, the most widely used code
Bits as Instructions in Programs:
- Programs are stored as a collection of bits
- Program instruction are represented in Binary Notation through the use of codes
Bits, Bytes, and Buzzwords:
BYTE: 8 Bits, logical group of eight bits
KILOBYTES: 1 Thousand Bytes
MEGABYTES: 1 Million Bytes
GIGABYTE: 1 Billion Bytes
TERABYTE: 1 Trillion Bytes- the circuit board that contains a computer's CPU is called the motherboard
Green Computing:
- the manufacture of hardware and software can have an impact on the environment
- buy green equipment
- use a notebook and solar battery
- energy saving feature
- turn off your computer when you're away
- screen savers don't save energy
- Print only once
- Recycle Waste Products
Note-help:
"Introduction to Binary Numbers" Paper
ITGS Class
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